St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland. Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA. Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Human Evolutionary Genetics, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. National Center for Scientific Research, URA 3012, Paris, France. Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogota, Colombia. Dermatology/Oncology - Skin Cancer Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bogota, Colombia. Department of Dermatology, Sylvanus Olympio Hospital, University of Lomé, Togo. Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA. Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY casanova@rockefeller.edu. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY.